6 min read
2026-02-20
Matrices are one of the most important tools in applied mathematics. They are used across a wide range of fields.
All transformations in 3D graphics are performed using matrices: rotation, scaling, and translation of objects. Every frame in a video game is the result of thousands of matrix multiplications.
Neural networks are based on matrix operations. Neuron weights are stored in matrices, and the training process is a series of matrix multiplications and transformations.
Leontief's input-output model is described by a matrix equation
Markowitz's portfolio theory uses covariance matrices
Transportation problems are solved using linear programming methods
The Hill cipher uses matrix multiplication for text encryption. The inverse matrix is used for decryption.
Stress calculations in structures (stress tensors)
Electrical circuit analysis
Quantum mechanics (operators as matrices)
Matrices are the foundation of modern computing, and knowing how to work with them opens doors to many professions.
See also: Statistics, Equation Solver, Graph Plotter