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Data converter: bits, bytes, megabytes, gigabytes and terabytes

7 min read

2026-02-06

A Guide to Digital Data Units. Difference between megabytes and mebibytes, calculation of storage capacity.

Data units

Decimals (SI) - powers of 10

Used by hard drive manufacturers and for Internet speeds.

Binary (IEC) - powers 2

Used by operating systems to display file sizes.

Decimal units

UnitSize
1 kilobyte (KB)1,000 bytes
1 megabyte (MB)1,000,000 bytes
1 gigabyte (GB)10⁹ bytes
1 terabyte (TB)10¹² bytes
1 Petabyte (PB)10¹⁵ bytes

Binary units

UnitSize
1 kibibyte (KiB)1,024 bytes
1 mebibyte (MiB)1,048,576 bytes
1 Gibibyte (GiB)1,073,741,824 bytes
1 Tebibyte (TiB)1,099,511,627,776 bytes

Why does a 1 TB disk show 931 GB?

The manufacturer considers: 1 TB = 10¹² bytes. The OS counts in GiB: 10¹² / 1,073,741,824 ≈ 931 GiB. You haven't lost anything - different units.

Bits and bytes

1 byte = 8 bits. Internet speed is in bits/s (Mbps), file size is in bytes (MB). 100 Mbps = 12.5 MB/s.

See also: Number systems converter, Color converter, Power converter

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